June 23, 2011
The link between crystal meth and the pharmaceutical industry is not immediately
obvious.
Meth production doesn't depend on agriculture. While the ingredients of
narcotics must be grown, meth depends on pseudoephedrine. It's the active
ingredient found in decongestants. Illegal labs easily convert pseudoephedrine
into methamphetamine.
Meth provides a euphoric high. Users report that the feeling is so intense that
every other experience seems hollow. They are immediately hooked, intent on
finding the next hit.
The effect on health is devastating. Skin tissue and blood vessels are
destroyed. Teeth fall out and open skin sores appear. Liver damage and
convulsions ravage users. They become frail and gaunt as health deteriorates;
eventually they become barely recognizable caricatures of their former selves.
Canada could take some lessons on how to control meth production from Oregon,
the first state to be ravaged by meth. Fifteen years ago, meth was devastating
whole communities. One user's solution to the epidemic was drastic: "they should
just bomb this whole area, it's that bad." She told PBS network's Frontline.
By 2002, one-half of police arrests in Oregon were due to meth users involved in
crime in order to maintain their habit. They committed 85 per cent of the
property crimes. One-half of children taken into child protection custody were
from the parents of meth addicts.
Steve Suo, a reporter for the Oregonian newspaper, decided to get to the bottom
of it. His investigations uncovered a previously unexplained rise and fall in
meth use in which arrests, admissions to drug-rehabilitation programs and the
strength of meth were in sync.
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In turn, Suo found that as pseudoephedrine became more accessible, the
toxicity of meth increased. His findings prompted Oregon to restrict the
sale of decongestants by moving them behind the counter of drug stores and
requiring ID from buyers. But that only drove the cook kitchens out of
Oregon and into larger meth labs in Mexico where the scale of operations
escalated.
Where small-time biker labs used the dangerous "shake and bake" method to
produce low potency meth, Mexican drug cartels produced some serious stuff.
Instead of buying pseudoephedrine from the drug store, the cartels went
right to the source and bought it by the ton; places like the Krebs factory
in India, just one of nine world-wide factories that made pseudoephedrine.
The effect of cheap, potent meth on the streets was predictable. It
corresponded to a peak in meth rhythms of the mid-90s observed. Not only did
drug cartels produce meth in mass amounts, they used existing distribution
networks to spread the misery to more states. When the Krebs source was cut
off, the potency of meth dropped until a new source was found in Quebec.
When the Quebec source dried up, meth cooks hired "smurfs" to scurry around
to drug stores to buy as many boxes of decongestants as then could. Attempts
by various states to further restrict the sale of decongestants was met with
stiff resistance from pharmaceutical giants like Pfizer who make millions of
dollars selling pseudoephedrine. You can be sure not all buyers have colds
and runny noses.
Oregon finally took decisive action and enacted legislation banning the sale
of pseudoephedrine without prescription. Seven more states are considering
similar legislation. The effect has been dramatic. Meth-associated arrests
in Oregon are down to just five per cent of totals from the previous total
of fifty.
Meanwhile, "smurfs" find easy pickings in Canada where decongestants are
readily purchased over the counter. As long as there is easy access in any
part of North America, the scourge of meth will continue to devastate lives
and drive up crime rates.
David Charbonneau is the owner of Trio Technical.
He can be reached at
dcharbonneau13@shaw.ca
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